高雄港120號貨櫃碼頭營運模式之財務與經濟效益可行性分析

Financial and Economic Feasibility Analysis of Business Operating Models – A Case Study of Port 120 of Kaohsiung Harbor

臺灣由於四面環海，海運之進出口貿易對經濟影響甚鉅。但近年來，由於日、韓以直迄中國大陸之單線化為發展模式，造成東亞航運市場的巨大變化。再加上兩岸直航協議中，逐漸形成兩岸直航航線與臺灣周遭國際遠洋、近洋貨櫃航線網，產生隔離與被分割的現實情況，以至於維持我國港口的洲際轉運功能困難重重。高雄港不僅為我國重要的貨櫃港口，亦為東亞地區重要的貨櫃轉運樞紐港口之一。本研究以加強開發高雄港轉運市場之研究為主要範疇，根據目前120 號貨櫃碼頭營運模式中，以所有權與經營權區分的不同經營情境下，評估碼頭的投資與營運效益，以期分析在開拓貨櫃市場的同時，能兼顧貨櫃碼頭之有效營運。研究結果發現，在貨櫃碼頭營運模式的選擇上，採用「合資委外- 業者自備機具」的營運模式較佳，然而在航運市場不景氣下，較難尋找適合的投資廠商或業者，故短期而言，建議採「獨資委外- 使用舊橋式機(GC)」的營運方式。中長期而言，採用「合資委外-業者自備機具」的營運模式為財務評估後之最佳決策。經濟效益分析研究結果發現，碼頭的有效營運所帶來的經濟效益甚鉅，包括節省支線船碇泊費與燃油成本、增加碼頭營運就業機會、藉由增加的轉運櫃量提升國內經濟、避免高雄港碼頭租金持續下降、以及提升整體高雄港的國際化形象等助益。

Taiwan is an island surrounded by sea, marine import and export trade has huge impact on the economy. However, in recent years, Japan and South Korea developed a straight single line model which ship directly to China and cause great changes in the East Asian shipping market. Besides, in the Direct-sailing across Taiwan-strait Shipping Agreement, there is a gap gradually formed from the crossstrait direct shipping lines and the international network shipping lines composed of ocean going shipping line and near-sea shipping line surrounding Taiwan, resulting Taiwan's isolation from worldwide trade as well as making it hard to maintain the intercontinental hub port. Kaohsiung Harbor is not only an important container port for Taiwan, but also acts as one of the major container transshipment hub port in East Asia. In order to strengthen the development of Kaohsiung transshipment market, this study distinguishes operation models based on different rights of ownership and management under different scenarios of port 120 and analyze the feasibility of investment and operation from the financial and economic aspects in order to ensure effective operation of container terminals when exploring the container transshipment market. Results showed that, in selecting the modes of operation of the container terminal,“joint venture and outsourcing–self-owned machinery＂is the preferred mode of operation, however, it might be difficult to find suitable investment vendor or industry in the downturn of shipping market. Therefore, it is suggested to adopt“wholly-owned and outsourcing – old GC＂mode of operation in the short-term. In medium and long term, the use of“joint venture and outsourcing – self-owned machinery＂is the best operational business model after the financial assessment. Besides, the effective operation of the pier has huge economic benefits upon the country, including saving feeder vessel anchorage fees and fuel costs, increasing employment opportunities for terminal operations, increasing the amount of container transported increasing the domestic economy, avoiding the decline of rent of Kaohsiung Harbor and enhancing the international image as a whole of Kaohsiung Harbor.