民用航空運量變化對機場經濟效益與環境成本之影響——以臺北國際航空站為例

The Impact of Changes in Civil Aviation Traffic on An Airport's Economic Benefits and Environmental Costs – A Case Study of Taipei Songshan Airport

隨著經濟發展，任何產業有可能帶來的環境影響逐漸受到重視，航空產業作為一個高耗能的運輸方式，時常被討論如何去追求永續發展。本研究評估2006至2011年臺北松山機場所帶來之經濟效益與環境成本。經濟效益首先應用格林勞力模式進行就業乘數的評估，再由此推估機場直接就業和間接就業所帶來之薪資所得即為經濟效益。然而，航空器噪音的滋擾和引擎所排放的廢氣是對環境的主要衝擊，本研究利用特徵價格法與劑量反應分析法，評估航空器噪音和引擎廢氣排放所帶來的社會成本。實例驗證結果顯示，松山機場營運對臺北市帶來的經濟效益遠大於社會成本，其中又以2006年落差最大。而在噪音與廢氣成本相關參數敏感度分析方面，除了2008年外，其餘年份其最高環境成本乃低於經濟效益。

With the growth of economic development, the environmental impacts an industry might bring about obtains increasing attention. Air transport, as a highly energy-consuming transport mode, is often discussed in the context of sustainable development. This study measures the economic benefits and environmental costs of Taipei Songshan Airport for the time period of 2006-2011. The economic benefits include the income generation from both direct and indirect employment, and the employment multiplier is estimated by the Garin-Lowry model. The sources of environmental impacts mainly include aircraft noise nuisance and engine emissions which are measured by the hedonic price technique and the dose-response method, respectively. The results show that the economic benefits of airport operation were much higher than the environmental costs, with the highest difference in 2006. Indeed, the sensitivity analysis of noise and emissions social cost parameters also shows that the highest possible environmental costs were lower than economic benefits in all study years, except for 2008.