高雄港轉運貨櫃市場競爭能力之研究

Evaluating Competitive Capabilities of Container Transshipment Market for Port of Kaohsiung

本研究的目的在探討高雄港發展轉運貨櫃市場競爭能力，在模式構面設定中，政府機制分成「政策與法規」與「政治環境」；資源分成「有形資源」與「無形資源」；潛能分成「人員素質與回應能力」、「行銷能力」、「港埠作業能力」與「財務管理能力」；競爭力分成「航線與航班密集度」、「貨物運量成長率」、「顧客忠誠度」、「營運成本」與「作業效率」。問卷發放對象為臺灣的航運公司、港務公司及海運專家學者，共回收203 份有效問卷。結構方程模式分析發現「政府機制」對「資源」與「潛能」有正向的影響關係，進而透過「潛能」影響到「競爭力」；「資源」對「潛能」有正向的影響關係，進而影響到「競爭力」。

This study aims to evaluate the competitive capabilities of container transshipment market and its impact on competitiveness for the port of Kaohsiung. In the research model, government mechanism includes policy and regulation, and political environment; resource includes tangible resource and intangible resource; capability includes employees, quality and response capability, marketing capability, port operation capability, and financial management capability; and competitiveness includes density of route and service, growth rate of cargo, customer loyalty, operational cost, and operational efficiency. Survey questionnaires were distributed to the respondents who work in container shipping companies, Taiwan International Ports Corporation, and maritime scholars in Taiwan. A total of 203 effective samples were collected. A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to test the research hypotheses. The results revealed that government mechanism positively affects resource and capability, and in turn, affects competitiveness via capability. Furthermore, resource positively affects capability, and resource affects competitiveness via capability as well.