應用資料包絡分析法評量港埠經營績效之研究

Performance Assessment of Port Managing Applied by the Data Envelopment Analysis

港埠為國際貿易重要出入口，在國家門戶及發展上扮演著舉足輕重之地位，我國港埠之經營雖屬國營事業範疇，未來需朝向企業體經營模式邁進，在面對多元且變化不斷的海運市場環境，如何有效經營管理，使投入之資源充分發揮其效能，獲取最大利潤，乃為港埠經營管理者必須努力之目標。而在港埠競爭日趨激烈的環境中，港埠主管機關統籌運用港埠資源時，為監督管理各港之經營及評核其營運績效，宜建立一套清晰、簡便、完整的快速評量方法。本研究從港埠主管單位的角度進行研議，以台灣地區四大國際港埠為例，探討其營運環境與基本資源，以及近年來在營運績效與財務績效的表現，並應用資料包絡分析法，探討四港之整體經營效率。由分析結果可知，高雄港各年度均為相對有效率之港埠，而諸港均處於規模報酬遞增階段。針對各港在相對無效率之年度，差額變數分析提供其投入及產出資源進行調整之建議。

Port plays a significant role in the national gateways of international trades. Port administration and management in Taiwan belongs to the business of government. However, port authority has to change the managing concept into liberation while confronting the fast variety in the competitive shipping environment. The goals of port managing need to aim how to operate effectively so as to use the resources efficiently and profitably. On the auditing role, central government also needs a clear, fluent but overall method to measure the performance of port's managing for controlling the budget every year. This research first explores the operational environment and basic resources of four international ports in Taiwan and describes their operational and financial performance in recent years. We make a whole evaluation by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to judge which ones of them are relatively effective in managing. The results show that port of Kaohsiung is relatively competitive among these four ports, and all are in the status of increasing return of scale. Some suggestions from residual variable analysis to the adjustments of input and output items for relatively ineffective units are also reported in this study.