第三方資助國際投資仲裁之濫訴風險與防治

Third Party Funding in International Investment Arbitration: The Risk of Abuse and Its Prevention

第三方資助投資者在ICSID提起仲裁，近年來風行於歐美諸國並產業化。資助關係缺乏透明度、資助方與仲裁員間的複雜關係網絡以及仲裁費用負擔制度的不確定性，激勵了投資者對東道國的濫訴，損及東道國公共利益和國際投資仲裁體制的正當性。為此，需要通過資助協定、國際投資協定來規定受資助方和仲裁員的強制披露義務，並通過仲裁費用負擔制度激勵投資者披露資助關係，而這又需要增強裁決中關於仲裁費用負擔的說理性以規範仲裁員的裁量。

Third party funding in investors'filing ICSID cases has become an rising industry in Europe and USA. The lack of transparency in funding, the complicated relation network among funders and arbitrators, and the uncertainty in arbitral costs bearing will encourage abuse of investment arbitration against host states, and harm the interests of host states as well as the justification of international investment arbitration. To prevent this kind of abuse, funding agreements and investment treaty shall impose disclosure obligation on the funded party and arbitrators. Costs shifting rules are also needed to incentiv'ize the disclosure, Al] these depend on strengthening the reasoning of cost allocation in arbitral awards and regulating arbitrators'discretion.