張惠言《易》學之禮象及義理析論

On Zhang Huiyan's thoughts on Yi-based rites and the profound meanings behind Yi

本文基於前賢的研究成果，進一步探討張惠言的治《易》目標與對聖人大義的理解，以及為何重視以禮釋《易》。張氏宗虞氏《易》，實欲藉此上溯田何《易》、孔門《易》，即是欲透過通貫專家《易》探究聖人之《易》。在通貫虞氏《易》後，進一步結合鄭玄《易》，認為卦、爻辭中禮象，皆可由卦象見出，故致力說明禮象得象之由，並與諸經論禮相互參照；亦對虞、鄭《易》禮的發揮，提出以人性、太極作為禮的根源。並強調禮的精神及作用。在《易》理方面，提出透過習禮、行禮以遷善改過、守正行權的主張。不僅對漢《易》有所開展，對清代乾嘉《易》學發展亦有重大建樹，值得重視。

This study makes a further step to discuss the objects of Zhang's study on Yi, his insight into great saint's significant intention and the reason why he puts emphasis on interpreting Yi via rites. By following Yu Fan's Yijing learning, Zhang actually means to trace back to how Tian He and Confucius' disciples interpret Yi; that is, Zhang longs to inquire into the true spirit of saint's Yi by means of integrating other great scholars' study on Yi. After integrating and then combining the Yi of Yu Fan and Zheng Xuan, Zhang regards the Image of the Rites as the manifestation from the Image of the Gua. As a result, he devotes to explaining the origin of the manifestation of Image of the Rites. In addition, Zhang magnifies the Yi of Yu Fan and Zheng Xuan, proposing that humanity and Taiji are the basis of rites and rules. He also emphasizes the soul and functions of rites and rules. Regarding the profound meaning behind Yi, Zhang makes it clear that people change themselves to become better persons and take other alternatives to achieve their goal by learning and practicing rites and rules. Not only does Zhang promote and develop Classical studies in Han dynasty, but he also presents unique insight into the Philological studies in Qianlong and Jiaqing Thrones. He deserves our attention.