台灣高中生血壓血脂與飲食狀況在不同體型之差異

Variations in Blood Pressure, Lipids, and the Dietary Status of Taiwanese High School Students in Different Body Shape Groups

本研究目的在分析高中生血壓、血脂、尿酸、血糖指數、飲食習慣、營養素攝取量在不同體型間之差異，並探討父母與子女體型之相關性。本研究引用第四次國民營養健康狀況變遷調查問卷與體檢之數據，選取台灣本島1,029名高中職生為樣本進行分析，根據青少年肥胖定義判定體位，分為過輕、正常、過重或肥胖三組。結果顯示：男女生的收縮壓與脈壓差均以過重或肥胖者顯著較其他體型高。男生過重或肥胖者之總膽固醇（TC）顯著最高，男女生過重或肥胖者之TG、LDL-C、TC/HDL-C及尿酸顯著最高，而HDL-C顯著最低。女生各體型中，以過輕者每週進食宵夜天數2.1天，頻率顯著高於其他體型，男女生平均熱量、蛋白質、脂肪、鈉、男生膽固醇之攝取量均高於建議量，男女生醣類、膳食纖維均低於建議量；熱量與營養素之攝取量均以男生顯著高於女生，但於男女生個別體型間並無顯著差異。

The purposes of this study were to analyze differences in blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose, uric acid, dietary habits, and nutrient intake among Taiwanese high school students in different body shape groups, and to examine correlations between the parents' and their children's body shapes. Data of this study were extracted from a database of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan（NAHSIT IV）. A sample of 1029 high school students in Taiwan was analyzed. Body shapes were divided into 3 groups of underweight, normal, and overweight/obese according to the adolescents' own definition of obesity. The results showed that male and female students' systolic pressure and pulse pressure were significantly higher among overweight/obese groups than in the other groups. Male students who were overweight/obese had significantly higher total cholesterol （TC）. Students who were overweight/obese had significantly higher triglycerides（TGs）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）, a TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）ratio, and uric acid, and significantly lower HDL-C. The underweight female group ate late night snacks at a frequency of 2.1 days/week, which was significantly higher than those of all other female groups. Students' average intake levels of calories, protein, fat, and sodium, and male students' intake level of cholesterol were higher than recommended daily intake levels. Students' average intake levels of carbohydrates and dietary fiber were lower than the recommendations. Male students' intake levels of calories and nutrients were significantly higher than those of female students, while no significant differences were found within each gender's body shape groups.