以食物頻率問卷評估台灣婦女懷孕前至產後營養素密度及飲食攝取變化

Changes in Nutrient Densities and Dietary Intakes from Pre-pregnancy to Postpartum by Taiwanese Women as Assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire

本前瞻性研究之目的為利用食物頻率問卷評估現今婦女從懷孕前至產後飲食營養攝取變化情形。研究對象係台北市立聯合醫院婦幼院區所招募之151位懷孕20週以內的健康婦女，收集婦女懷孕前（n=151）、懷孕期（n=112）、產後一年（n=61）食物頻率問卷。利用統計軟體SPSS 19.0及STATA 8.0版進行統計分析。結果顯示食物頻率問卷評估之孕前、懷孕期至產後一年每日蛋白質熱量百分比為15.1%、14.7%、14.7%，脂質熱量百分比為36.0%、34.1%、33.0%，醣類熱量百分比為47.9%、50.3%、51.3%。此外，以每一千大卡之營養素密度呈現數據，相較未懷孕時期（孕前一年及產後一年），婦女懷孕期間攝取膳食纖維及鈣質密度顯著較高，攝取較低維生素B6、維生素B12、咖啡因密度；相較懷孕前，懷孕期間攝取較多水果類、奶類，而攝取較少新鮮蔬菜類、蛋類、豬肉類、植物油類、咖啡因飲料類。研究發現婦女孕前、懷孕期至產後不同時期之食物與營養素密度攝取有顯著變化。

The purpose of this prospective study was to examine changes in dietary intakes of Taiwanese women from pre-pregnancy to postpartum as assessed by a food frequency questionnaire （FFQ）. One hundred and fifty-one healthy pregnant women were recruited within 20 weeks of pregnancy from the Women and Children Branch of Taipei City Hospital,（Taipei, Taiwan）. FFQs were collected during pre-pregnancy（ =151）, pregnancy（ =112）, and postpartum（ =61）. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 19.0 and STATA 8.0. Results showed that percentages of average daily energy from protein in pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and postpartum were 15.1%, 14.7%, 14.7%, of average daily energy from fat were 36.0%, 34.1%, and 33.0%, and those of average daily energy from carbohydrate were 50.3%, 51.3%, and 47.9%, respectively. Moreover, data are presented by nutrient density per 1000 kcal. Compared to non-pregnant periods（pre-pregnancy and postpartum）, during pregnancy, women had higher nutrient densities of dietary fiber and calcium, and lower nutrient densities of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and caffeine. Women consumed more fruits and dairy products, and less fresh vegetables, eggs, pork, vegetable oils, and caffeinated beverages during pregnancy than pre-pregnancy. Dietary consumption in pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postpartum showed significant changes in food patterns and nutrient densities.