「青少年感恩量表」之編製與驗證

The Development and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the “ Inventory of Adolescents’ Gratitude” in Taiwan

本研究旨在發展「青少年感恩量表」，內容分為三個分量表，包括：知足感（a sense of abundance）、欣賞簡單事物（simple appreciation）、感激他人（appreciation for other）。首先，以立意取樣抽取237 人，經過預試、項目分析、探索性因素分析，以及信度分析後，形成正式量表24 題；接著，以分層便利取樣，樣本涵蓋全臺灣北、中、南、東四區域國中一到三年級共1，206 位學生。在信、效度部分，本量表重測信度為.82～.83，Cronbach’s 係數為.80～.83，顯示本量表具有良好信度；建構效度部分，整體適配度指標均達標準，顯示整體模式適配情形頗為理想；再以「兒童樂觀─悲觀雙因子量表」與「貝克兒童及青少年量表」（BYIII）為效標，發現具良好之同時效度。在背景變項部分，結果發現國中女生的感恩表現優於男生；有宗教信仰的國中生感恩表現優於無宗教信仰者。

The purpose of this study was to develop and construct validity of the “Inventory of Adolescents’ Gratitude” that included three subscales: a sense of abundance， simple appreciation and appreciation for others. First， three factor were derived from the final 24-item through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis， and reliability analysis via 237 participants by using purposive sampling in the pretest. Then， the researchers used another 1，206 participants by using stratified convenience sampling method to conduct confirmatory factor analysis and criterion-related validity. Results indicated that the inventory’s construct validity and reliability are acceptable. The Cronbach’s was from .80 to.83， and test-retest reliability coefficient was from.82 to.83. The study also employed Children’s Optimism-Pessimism Inventory and BYI-II， which were criterions. The results of concurrent validity revealed good. In the background variables， it was shown that girls outperformed boys on gratitude; moreover， the students who have religious belief outperformed the ones who don’t.