非營利組織的政策倡議與策略結盟：多元主義與統合主義觀點的詮釋

Policy Advocacy and Strategic Coalition of Non-profit Organizations: Explanation of Pluralism and Corporatism

在「治理」概念盛行之下，公共政策的過程可能涉及到非營利組織的參與及其集體行動——從政策的規劃與形成到政策的執行與評估。在本研究中，多元主義（pluralism）與統合主義（corporatism）的主要貢獻在於提供吾人分析非營利組織進行政策參與的架構，深入了解組織間協調合作的互動模式。本研究分成三個部分進行討論：一、描述多元主義與統合主義的政策治理模式特性；二、從多元主義與統合主義的觀點分析非營利組織的政策倡議角色；三、檢視政策倡議活動中非營利倡議聯盟的運作與挑戰。
一如所知，文獻中有不少有關非營利組織從事政策倡議的理論論述，但較少經驗研究針對非營利組織的倡議行為及其聯盟的運作關係進行實證分析。職是之故，本研究除了概要論述多元主義和統合主義的理論觀點外，並以非營利組織倡議聯盟的執行者為深度訪談的對象，以獲得有關非營利組織的政策參與及聯盟運作的詳細資訊。本研究除陳述主要的研究發現外， 並進一步指出未來的研究方向，有助於更深入地了解非營利組織的發展。

With prevalence of governance, non-profit organization’s participation and collective action influenced how public policy was formulated, implemented and evaluated. The major contribution of pluralism and corporatism was providing analytical framework in which non-profit organization take part in policy making and collaboration with other organizations. This study is conducted in three segments: first, the theoretical discussions about the characteristics of governance models of pluralism and corporatism. Second, the analysis of advocacy role of nonprofit organizations from pluralist and corporatist perspectives, and last the operation and challenges faces non-profit advocacy coalition in advocacy activities.
There has been much research on nonprofit organization advocacy. But very few empirical studies focus on the advocacy behaviors of nonprofit organizations and workings of coalitions in practice. In this article, in addition to briefly summarize the theoretical perspectives of pluralism and corporatism on literatures, we also conducted in-depth interviews with chief of executive of nonprofit advocacy coalitions to obtain detailed information regarding the policy participation and the operation of coalitions. The article concluded with the findings on activities of nonprofit organizations advocacy and direction for future research that will enhance the understanding of nonprofit organization’s development.