國民中學教育公平實施現況探究

The Research of the Educational Equity in Junior High School

本研究旨在運用已建構之國民中學教育公平指標來探究當前國民中學教育公平實施之現況，研究採取檔分析法、問卷調查法、Gini 係數以及勞倫茲（Lorenz）曲線，問卷調查對象為全國國民中學（不包括國民中小學），計發出問卷592 份，回收有效問卷362 份。研究結果發現：一、國民中學學生數與學校數之分佈情形主要集中在五都；二、國民中學教育經費佔教育總支出每一學生分擔有下降之趨勢；三、國民中學教育資源分佈情形，其Gini 係數界於0.113 至0.194，屬高度均等；四、對於弱勢學生之入學與教育以及相關補償措施（經費補助、補償課程、補救教學等），尚無法全面落實；五、大部分學校均認為應制定各教育階層擔負國民中學教育階段責任以及校園霸淩之相關法令；六、常態編班政策尚無法全面落實；七、少數學校無法提升師生互動品質，落實多元評量與課程教材之規畫，並輔導學生適性發展做好生涯規畫。

This study aimed to use the educational equity indicators of junior high school constructed during the first year to explore the current status of implementation in junior high schools. Document analysis, questionnaire survey, Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve are used in this study. A total of 592 questionnaires were issued, with 362 valid questionnaires returned. The preliminary findings are as follows: (1)In terms of the distribution of students and schools, the five municipalities account for a major percentage; (2)The percentage of junior high school education's expenditure in the total educational expenditure and the educational expenditure per student show a declining tendency; (3)In terms of the distribution of educational sources, the Gini coefficient is between 0.113 and 0.194, which is a high degree of equalization; (4)The related compensation measures (financial support, compensation programs, remedial education) for disadvantage students are not yet fully implemented; (5)Most schools agree to make laws to regulate the responsibilities of different educational levels as well as against school bullying; (6) Few schools are still unable to implement the policy of normal class grouping; (7) Few schools are still unable to improve the quality of teacher-student interaction, to implement multiple assessments and course material design, and to offer counseling for students regarding adaptive development and career planning.