古埃及智慧文學中的「形象表達」

The Figurative Expressions in the Ancient Egyptian Wisdom Literature

「形象表達」是一種修辭法，意指運用「比喻」法和「隱喻」法來表達一件事物和另一件事物，而其兩件事物有一定的相關性。「形象表達」在任何時代的任何語言中都是不可缺少的修辭技巧，在古埃及文中也不例外。「形象表達」在每一種不同的文章類型都會出現，但只有多與寡的差別。然而，智慧文學在古埃及的文學作品中扮演了舉足輕重的角色，它是一種箴言和訓誡式的文章，通常由長者藉由自己的人生經驗告誡後輩該注意以及遵循的教規。智慧文學從古王國時期開始，就有少些篇幅，但是較殘缺不全，所以「形象表達」的運用也較為不全。從中王國初期開始，智慧文學的體制和內容也越來越豐富，相對的，「形象表達」的使用也越來越廣泛。本篇將要探討智慧文學中的「形象表達」的運用、目的和「比較物」的種類等等。

The figurative language is a rhetorical style that consists of the comparison and metaphor. Figurative expressions appear almost in all languages and at all times and can be categorized as groups of words that include a comparison or a figurative sense. The ancient Egyptian texts, no wonder, use also figurative languages. Type and quantity of figurative expressions vary depending on the genre of text. The wisdom texts play an important role in the ancient Egyptian literature. The main point of these texts is that the older give young people many useful advices and show them the right ways. The wisdom texts are witnessed since the Old Kingdom, unfortunately they are not totally preserved. Until up the early Middle Kingdom the wisdom texts are more complete and the figurative language is also more used than before. This article focuses on the figurative language and the categories of tertium comparationis in the wisdom texts and discusses its purpose and usage.