黨化教育vs公共教育:⋘自由中國⋙的教育論述

Party Education VS Public Education: Education Discusses in the 'Free China'

教育獨立於政治是近代中國社會轉型的基本方向，然而隨著革命聲浪的興起，教育卻日益政黨化。一九四八年中華民國憲法的實施，本應為教育公共化開闢道路，卻因內戰造成兩岸對峙的政治格局，反而使教育政黨化愈演愈烈。不過在臺灣地區，由於自由知識份子的存在，爭取文教公共空間的努力沒有懈怠過，政治主宰教育一直受到批評，直到臺灣政治的轉型、文教公共化的初步實現。二十世紀五十年代國民黨在臺灣重建黨化教育，自由知識份子通過《自由中國》半月刊表達極大關注，發表大量文章對黨化教育的內容和黨化教育組織展開了全面的揭露和抨擊，並推動了文教公共空間理念的建構。雖然這一過程中《自由中國》也顯示出一些認識侷限，而且結果亦沒有扭轉國民黨的教育政策，但是這種建基於人格力量的鬥爭，為幾十年後臺灣地區教育逐步邁向獨立發展播下了火種。

Education independence from politics is the basic direction of the social transformation in modern China, but with the rise of the revolutionary wave, education is increasingly controlled by some political parties. After the implementation of the ROC Constitution in 1948, which should have paved the way for the freedom of education, the political situation appeared serious standoff between the mainland China and Taiwan as a result of the civil war, and the party- controlled education get more obvious. But in Taiwan area, liberal intellectuals had been fighting for public spaces of cultural and educational and criticizing the party-controlled education until the transformation of Taiwan's political and the initial implementation of culture and education public space. In 1950s, the Nationalist Party re-established its party-monopolized education in Taiwan. Liberal intellectuals, through their semimonthly Free China, launched an overall and illuminating attack on the content and organization of the party-monopolized education, and raised some important points about of public space in culture and education. Although there were some limitations on views of the Free China, and the semimonthly failed to avert the education policy of the Nationalist Party, the struggle that had started, which drew its strength from sheer personality, had paved the way for future development that finally led to the independence of education in Taiwan dozens of years later.