心靈、學習與文化傳承認知人類學最近發展的一些觀察

Mind, Learning, and Cultural Transmission: Some Observations on the Latest Developments of Cognitive Anthropology

制憲權力的探討，是個根本的政治學理的課題。制憲與修憲不同。修憲的正當性與權力來自於憲法，但制憲不可能來自於此。制憲只發生在兩種情況：1)新國家、新憲法；2)國家廢棄舊憲法，另制新憲。無論任何一種，制憲權力都不可能來自憲法。這不但是法理如此，更是事實。鄂蘭的理論對台灣社會所提供的資源是：制憲不應只是訴諸赤裸裸的權力，儘管它是一種力量，儘管無任何憲法規約之；但在一個既有民主政治文化並宣揚主權在民的國家中，政治行動者們先行協商出一致同意的程序、並依據民主原則與程序進行制憲，仍舊是必要的。

This paper aims to explore and introduce the latest developments of cognitive anthropology. Refusing to see the human mind as a passive container of ideas, several cognitive anthropologists tend to give it a more active role in the study of human learning and cultural transmission. This paper introduces and discusses Richard Dawkin's cultural theory of meme, Dan Sperber's theory of cultural epidemics, also an important research trend and the concept of the study of human mind, domain specificity. It concludes with some personal comments on this development by the author.