當代新儒學與現代民主政治的「接榫」問題探究

When East Meets West: A Study of the Connection between Contemporary New Confucianism and Modern Democracy Politics

本文主要是針對五四運動以來，西方民主科學思想對中國知識份子的衝擊，尤其是探討當代新儒家們（梁漱淇、張君勸、賀麟，熊十力，徐複觀、唐君毅、牟宗三……等哲人）所開創的當代新儒學與西方現代民主政治的“接榫”問題，並著重在「傳統儒學的再生與重建」與「當代新儒學開新外王」之課題。本文所探討儒學與民主二者的接榫問題，可從以下幾個方面切入：1．道德主體性與政治主體性；2．目的性與工具性之民主政治文化；3．程序性與實質性之正義；4．政治制度面與行政操作面；5．公民社會與國家機器。以上幾點接榫問題，是筆者企圖嘗試的科際整合之探究內容（整合哲學、政治學、社會科學），將儒家．巴想與民主政治進行可能的接執方法或接榫方式，予以提撥出來，並分析之，進而建構出一整套的「有中國儒家特色」的民主政治新體系。

May Fourth Movement in China represented a time when the Western thoughts such as science and democracy had a great impact on the Chinese intellectuals. Since then, efforts had been made by an array of scholars (Liang, Chang, Shyong, Tarang, Shyu, Mou,...) to explore the connection between Confucianism and democracy, hence the birth of the contemporary new Confucianism. By bringing together researches in philosophy, politics, sociology, and social science, this interdisciplinary study analyzes the connection between contemporary new Confucianism and modern democracy politics aiming at the construction of a theory for modem democracy politics that is ”Confucianistic”. The connection between contemporary new Confucianism and modem democracy politics will be explored by considering: 1. moral subjectivism and political subjectivism. 2. ends and means democracy political culture. 3. procedure and substance, viz, justice. 4. political systems and administrative operation. 5. civil society and static machine