系譜學者有無結構式分析？－試論傅柯的歷史斷代邏輯與對權力的認識觀點

Does Genealogist Use Structural Analysis? On Michel Foucault's Historical Periodizations and His Insight of Power

本文嘗試從傅柯歷史研究中的斷代分期之特徵，以及其藉由特有分析角度所呈現出來的權力運行特徵之勾勒出發，試圖探討傅柯權力論述背後的現象學預設，以及其斷代邏輯所彰顯出來的「結構式分析」。傅柯在生前曾極力擺脫的「結構主義者」這個標籤，在今日還有什麼值得我們再耙梳與探討的？我們又該如何來定位傅柯的新式權力觀？是對於權力的理解、權力本相的掌握帶來一種革命式的顛覆，抑或只是一種系譜學式的警言(一種或然性的提出以及對於歷史應然發展、後設歷史書寫的質疑)？然而，他的權力觀是一種「關係式的」，還是亦具有現象學預設式的建構效果？本文希望透過重新回顧傅柯生平幾個最重要的研究領域來探究上述論點，並綜合檢討他為學中結構主義的色調。

This article attempts to discuss the criteria of historical periodizations in Michel Foucault's researches; furthermore, we also try to understand the logic of his analysis about the concept of "power". Accordingly, we will indicate the "structural analysis" in his historical study and the "phenomenological assumption" in his observation of power. Even though Foucault has strived to get rid of the "structuralist" label, we aim to discuss again the relationship between those french structuralists and this genealogist (Foucault). By the way, we are also interested in his critical definition of "power," a definition which seems to subvert the classical comprehension of the term. At last, we try to distinguish the "fact" and the constructed "reality" and use this set of conceptions to grasp Foucault's intention in his demonstration of the new technology and the immanent strategy of power.