高中數理資優班學生心理特質與大腦結構之研究

Psychological Traits and Brain Structures of Mathematically and Scientifically Senior High School Talented Students

本研究受試者為高中數理資優班學生36人及普通學生37人，研究工具包括：「高中學校能力測驗」、「國中基測」、「我的特質量表」、MRI及SPM的像素形態分析方法（VBM），所得之資料以SPSS及VBM進行統計考驗。主要發現如下：（一）數理組在成就及智力測驗表現皆顯著優於普通組。（二）數理組僅在智能過度激動特質作答得分顯著高於普通組，且智能過度激動特質與成就、智力間有顯著相關。（三）以Jung與Haier（2007）的頂-額整合理論為基礎，在智力與推理歷程中，數理組和普通組處理訊息的區塊有所不同。（四）數理組在左半球多處區域灰質密度高於普通組，普通組在右半球多處區域灰質密度高於數理組。（五）語文智力與右上頂小葉的灰質密度有顯著負相關。（六）數學成就、自然成就各與多處大腦區域之灰質密度有顯著正相關或負相關存在。（七）五種過度激動特質亦各與大腦某些區域的灰質密度有顯著正相關或負相關存在。

This study attempted to explore the psychological traits and brain structures of mathematically and scientifically talented (MST) students. The subjects participants were 36 MST students and 37 regular (RG) students from five senior high schools in Taipei city. Research instruments included "Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT)", "Basic Competence Test", "The Me Scale", MRI scan" and "voxel based morphometery of SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping)". The data gathered were processed by t-test, Pearson correlation, and VBM. The main findings were as follows: (1) The MST students got significantly higher scores than RG students on math-science achievement and intelligent test. (2) MST students got higher scores than RG students only on the subscale of intellectual OE (TOE) and TOE was found significantly correlated with achievement and intelligence. (3) By adopting theory of Parieto –Frontal Integration (P-FIT) of intelligence which identifies a brain network related to intelligence, the researchers surmised the difference in brain information processing between MST and RG students. (4)The MST students had greater gray matter density than RG students in many left hemispheres regions, but the RG students had greater gray matter density than MST students in many right hemispheres regions. (5) Negative correlation was found between verbal IQ and gray matter density in right superior parietal lobule. (6) The results of the correlation between math scores of Basic Competence Test and gray matter density showed positive correlations in left BA 22 and right cingulate gyrus, and a negative correlation in left BA 6. (7) The results of the correlation between science scores of Basic Competence Test and gray matter density showed positive correlations in left BA 37, left BA 10 and right BA 22, and negative correlations in left inferior occipital gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, left cingulate gyrus. (8) There existed a negative correlation between EOE and gray matter density in left BA22 and positive correlations between TOE and gray matter density in left BA 22, bilateral BA 40, between SOE and gray matter density in left superior temporal gyrus, and between MOE and gray matter density in right BA 40 and right supramarginal gyrus.