社會資本對知識分享與智慧資本影響之研究

The Influence of Social Capital on Knowledge Sharing and Intellectual Capital

過去文獻較少探究企業善用社會資本，對知識分享與智慧資本之影響。本研究為了從組織內之結構面、認知面或信任面社會資本觀點，探討其對知識分享之影響效果，以及效率化運用社會資本是否透過知識分享之中介效果，對於智慧資本之影響全貌，乃配合國內269家上市上櫃公司之問卷調查，應用線性結構關係(LISREL)加以驗證。研究結果發現，擁有豐富社會資本的企業，若能把握網絡結之優勢結構面資本，配合共同認知的系絡及共享信任關係，不僅能激發彼此全方位學習與知識交流頻率，增進組織成員之知識分享意願與能力，而且互惠式利益結合的社會資本具有激發組織之資源連結與交換功效，可加速知識之擴展流通，帶動人力資本、結構資本與顧客資本等智慧資本之蓄積。因此建議企業應從內部關係之建立、激發信賴與促進合作著手，積極培育社會資本，同時善用社會資本，帶動員工知識分享，進而蓄積智慧資本。

The previous research about the influence of social capital on knowledge sharing and intellectual capital has been less exploited so far, while the characteristics and components of social and intellectual capital and the process and strategies of knowledge management have received much more attention. In order to look into the effect of organizational structure, cognition and trust of social capital on knowledge sharing and to understand whether knowledge sharing plays as an mediator in the influence of utilizing social capital on intellectual capital, this study conducted Linear Structual Relation (LISREL) to test the hypotheses with 269 questionnaires of domestic listing and over-the-counter companies. The results shown that when firms with abundant social capital seize the advantaged structural capital of network tie with trust and cognition sharing, not only would omni-bearing learning and frequency of knowledge interflow be motivated, but also would willingness as well as ability of knowledge sharing be increased. In addition, knowledge expansion would accelerate due to reciprocal social capital, which drives the accumulation of intellectual capital such as human capital, structural capital and customer capital. Accordingly, enterprises are suggested to construct inter-relationship, motivate trust and cooperation, actively foster social capital, and simultaneously leverage social capital to stimulate knowledge interflow and further accumulate intellectual capital to promote business value.