| 英文摘要 |
This article is mainly a record of Hakka’s Ching-Ming festival in southern Taiwan Liou-Duai. This article explores the historical law of how a regional festival combines Hakka and Minnan in the process of cultural change and fusion. The Hakka call themselves descendants of Han people, so they also share Han culture. While Han people have tomb offerings, the Hakka called theirs ＂gua zii＂. However, the dates and ritual processes of Han people’s tomb offerings and Hakka ＂gua zii＂ are different. Thus, this article aims to not only explore the background, activity content and meaning of tomb offerings, but also analyze and explain the date, ritual process and cultural meaning of Hakka gua zii with depth interview and participant observation to gather current situations, manners and taboos of tomb offerings and to construct the Hakka’s local collective memories of Ching-Ming festival and gua zii culture. Our comprehensive research result shows that Hakka people in the Liou-Duai area can have tomb offerings from about February 2nd on the lunar calendar (which the Earth God’s Birthday falls on) to Ching-Ming festival. They hang paper and add soil to worship. Main sacrifices are chicken, pigs, dried squid, duck eggs, tofu (bean curd or flour food) and Hakka flat noodles. These sacrifices represent Hakka offspring’s worship and reverence to their ancestors. Besides, they also represent folk knowledge. For example, Hakka flat noodles, garlic sprout and celery are a symbol of pray. And Hakka people burn daily necessaries made of paper for their ancestors. Hakka people also prepare oblation, wine and red tortoise cake to worship and show gratitude to their ancestors and present the offspring’s filial piety. At the same time, Hakka’s Ching-Ming festival is a family reunion to inherit family spirit and represent the Hakka’s attitude to their ancestors. |
