| 英文摘要 |
Purpose: If training programs are not developed based on the physiological characteristics of youth athletes, fatigue and sports injuries may be caused, which can negatively affect their competition performance. Therefore, the establishment of a long-term physical training program for athletes is particularly important. Methods: This article searches the literature from the data-bases Google Scholar and Pubmed. An investigation is conducted into the training methods for different stages based on the physiological characteristics of youth athletes. Results: As children and adolescents grow, there are differences in their physiologi-cal characteristics. Due to their immature muscle function, poorer exercise performance and physical fitness growth are experi-enced by children before the peak height velocity. Control of their movements needs to be learned. An increase in performance and rate of physical fitness growth is experienced by adolescents after the peak height velocity, as their muscle function and hormone secretion gradually mature. Participation in more training is allowed for them. Therefore, into three periods: childhood, late childhood, and adolescence, the development of athletes’physical fitness is divided. In childhood, fundamental movement skills such as locomotion skills, postural skills, and object-interaction skills are primarily trained. In later childhood, fundamental movement skills are further refined, and preliminary training in sport specific skills is introduced, including learning how to change directions, running techniques, and strength training techniques, to enhance physical abilities. In adolescents, the main goal is sport specific skills training, continuously developing the specific physical abilities, and avoiding sports injuries. Conclusions: The long-term physical training strategy for adolescent athletes should take into account their biological age, training experience, and specific physical abilities, and plan appropriate training content during the corresponding period to pursue the long-term devel-opment of their physical abilities, ultimately achieving their best personal athletic performance. |
