本文以《最高法院遷台舊檔》，來探討民國時代中國土地法秩序的建構。主要解讀廣東省的土地訴訟，以所有歸屬的紛爭為最大宗，但城鄉間的類型有顯著差異，都市如廣州以店鋪的鋪底及房屋所有紛爭為主，由地方政府與法院共同建構出具近代登記的「鋪底權」。鄉村則多為田地、山林的所有糾葛，儘管1930年代已施行民法及土地法，但訴訟中，仍主要依賴上手契、稅單等傳統方式，來證明自己的權利。在典、抵押、永佃的紛爭中，也有相同情況。因各省地籍調查與登記建制速度不一，法院處理爭議時，需依案件的時間點，個別考量該適用民法典、或習慣、或判決例，民國時代中國的土地秩序可說是由傳統習慣、地方條例、判例與近代民法典相互融合、多元實踐的結果。

This paper explores the construction of the legal order governing land and property in Republican-era China by analyzing the Taiwan Supreme Court Old Archives. Focusing on land litigation in Guangdong Province, the study finds that while ownership disputes predominated, their nature diverged significantly between urban and rural contexts. In cities like Guangzhou, disputes primarily centered on the ownership of shop fixtures and buildings, where local governments and courts collaboratively forged a modern registration-based property system called pùdǐquán (鋪底權, right of pawn over commercial property). In contrast, rural conflicts typically involved ownership of farmland and forest tracts. Despite the promulgation of the Civil Code and Land Law in the 1930s, litigants continued to rely heavily on traditional proofs—such as Former Deed (上手權) and tax receipts—to substantiate their claims. Similar patterns emerged in disputes over diǎn (典權, pawning right), mortgages, and yungtien (佃權, perpetual lease). Due to the uneven progression of cadastral surveys and registration systems across provinces, courts were compelled to adjudicate based on the specific temporal context of each case, navigating a complex hierarchy of the Civil Code, local customs, and judicial precedents. Ultimately, the land and property legal order of Republican China represented a pluralist integration of traditional customs, local regulations, judicial precedents, and the modern Civil Code.