本文主要探討哈伯瑪斯如何藉由康德的永久和平理念來批評Schmitt的大空間理論。哈伯瑪斯接受了康德的永久和平理念，並將之修改為適合於當代情境，且具有世界公民色彩的世界秩序理論。在他看來，Schmitt的大空間理論作為世界秩序理念，企圖保留多元性並反對一元化的普世秩序，因此其理論與康德世界公民主義的基本立場完全對立。除此之外，哈伯瑪斯也指出，大空間理論和康德的和平理念雖然同樣都否定霸權單邊主義，但前者因為完全排斥普世性道德價值，因此在當代可能被利用來為「文明衝突」中反人權與民主的論述加以辯護。

This article examines Habermas’s critique of Schmitt’s Großraum (large space) theory in light of Kant’s concept of perpetual peace. Habermas accepts Kant’s idea of perpetual peace and revises it into a theory of world order suited to contemporary contexts and endowed with a cosmopolitan dimension. In his view, Schmitt’s Großraum theory, as a conception of world order, attempted to preserve plurality and resist a unipolar universal order; thus, his theory stands in direct opposition to Kant’s cosmopolitan position. In addition, Habermas points out that although both Schmitt’s Großraum theory and Kant’s idea of peace reject hegemonic unilateralism, the former, because of its categorical rejection of universal moral values, may be used in contemporary contexts to justify discourses opposing human rights and democracy in the context of the “clash of civilizations”.