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Objective: To investigate the classification of hyperuricemia, uric acid (UA) excretion and its influencing factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: A total of 2260 T2DM patients without renal dysfunction were recruited and subdivided into hyperuricemia and non-hyperuricemia subgroups. Blood samples were obtained for biochemical examinations. Urinary glucose (UG), uric acid and creatinine levels were measured from 24 h urinary samples. The fraction excretion of uric acid (FEUA) was used as a parameter to analyze uric acid excretion.
Results: The main types of abnormal excretion of uric acid were under-excretion (37.88%) in the hyperuricemia subgroup and overproduction (18.90%) in the non-hyperuricemia subgroup. The average FEUA level of the hyperuricemia subgroup of T2DM patients was lower than that of the non-hyperuricemia subgroup and the control group (P <0.001), and the average FEUA level of the non-hyperuricemia subgroup of T2DM patients was lower than that of the control group (P=0.011). The FEUA level was independently associated with sex, age, body mass index (BMI), UG and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in T2DM patients (P<0.001). Being male and having a younger age, lower HDL, lower UG levels and a higher BMI were found to significantly increase the occurrence of uric acid under-excretion (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Hyperuricemia in type 2 diabetics may be associated with uric acid under-excretion. T2DM patients who were male, younger in age, had lower HDL levels, lower UG levels and a higher BMI were more likely experience UA under-excretion.