期刊連結：http://www.gouthyperuricemia.com Purpose: To update the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia based on papersfrom various countries. Findings: Treatment of gout and hyperuricemia is composed of three segments (a) treatment of acute gouty attack, (b) treatment of hyperuricemia, and (c) treatment of associated disorders. For the treatment of hyperuricemia, in addition to allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase inhibitor, febuxostat is now used. Stevens-Johnson’s syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by allopurinol is strongly associated with HLA-B*5801 present at rather high frequencies in some Asian populations. Many transporters in microtubules of the kidney have been identified by molecular biology and GWAS (genome-wide association study). Uricosuric drugs inhibit the function of SLC22A12 and other transporters, and decrease the reabsorption of urate into blood. For tumor lysis syndrome, rasburicase and pegloticase are used, while the latter is also used for chronic gout refractory to other treatments. Although serum urate concentration is positively associated with cardiovascular death, it is controversial as to whether urate is directly associated with the disorder or only a marker. Guidelines for the management of gout have been published from Europe and US, while guidelines for the management of hyperuricemia and gout have been released from Japan. Conclusion: Patients with gout and hyperuricemia should be managed or treated by the methods suited to individual patients and to their conditions.