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篇名
從憲法訴訟法草案評析憲法訴願制度
並列篇名
Analyzing the Constitutional Complaint System from the Draft of the Constitutional Procedure Act
作者 許育典
中文摘要 大法官審理案件法自1948年發布以來,僅經歷三次修正,且最近的一次修正已在25年前。期間雖透過大法官解釋,盡可能的讓大法官審理案件的方式能與時俱進、符合保障人民權利的意旨,但不可否認的是,本來的法條規定有不少已和現代社會以及最新的法學理論脫節。為此,司法院於2018年提出「憲法訴訟法草案」來取代原本的大法官審理案件法。本草案主要的更動內容,除了將釋字中闡明的釋憲方式加以條文化,最重要的改變是引入了德國的「憲法訴願制度」。憲法訴願制度主要的功能是讓人民可以將具體的「判決」做為申請釋憲的對象,就保障權利的觀點來看,以往如果抽象法規合憲,但判決適用法律有違憲時,人民可能因此面臨救濟無門的情況,此一制度讓保障的範圍更加周密。相對的,大開救濟之門的同時,可能會造成積案增加、釋憲效率不彰的問題。本文基本贊同引入此一制度,但如何調整配套制度減少可能的負面影響,仍需要進一步的研究。
英文摘要 The Constitutional Interpretation Procedure Act has only been amended three times since its publication in 1948 and the most recent one was made 25 years ago. Although efforts have been made via judicial interpretation to ensure that Grand Justices’ judgments can advance with the times and protect people’s rights, many of the original provisions of the Act are undeniably outdated. In this regard, in 2018 the Judicial Yuan proposed the draft of “Constitutional Procedure Act” to replace the Constitutional Interpretation Procedure Act. The foregoing draft not only codified the interpretation methods manifested in the past judicial interpretations, but also incorporated the constitutional complaint system under German law. The main function of constitutional complaint system is to allow an individual “judgement” to be an object for judicial interpretations. From the perspective of right protection, in the past it may not be remediable when a regulation is constitutional while the judgment is not in applying such regulation, and the new system can extend the protection scope. On the other hand, such extension may lead to increased workload and reduced interpretation efficiency. This article generally supports the new system, however, how to reduce possible negative impacts is still subject to further study.
起訖頁 68-77
關鍵詞 憲法訴訟法草案憲法訴願制度權利救濟大法官審理案件法Draft of the Constitutional Procedure ActConstitutional Complaint SystemRight ReliefConstitutional Interpretation Procedure Act
刊名 月旦法學雜誌
出版單位 元照出版公司
期數 201810 (281期)
DOI 10.3966/102559312018100281003  複製DOI  DOI申請
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