| 英文摘要 |
The functions of esophagus are to deliver food and prevent backflow. When esophageal perforation occurs, it will cause damage to the surrounding tissue, decrease of overall nutritional status, then re-sulting in mediastinum inflammation, cardiac tamponade or death. The clinical presentations of acute esophageal perforation depend on its etiology, lesion size and location. Patients might have pain, fever, dyspnea, and emphysema. Acute esophageal perforation should be diagnosed with X-ray, computed tomography, or enhanced esophagography and clinical presentations. The selections of treatments for acute esophageal perforation should be based on its etiology and location. The primary treatments are medications s such as antibiotics together with endoscopic therapy or surgery, such as esophageal stents, hemostatic clips, esophageal local resection surgery, esophageal bypass surgery, perforation repair surgery, and transgastric drainage. Nutritional support should be the primary focus of nursing care and the enteral nutrition should be established as soon as possible. Nurses can provide individual-ized holistic care through comprehensive physical assessment, infection control, health education, and discharge-care plans in preventing sepsis, respiratory failure, or other complications. This article re-viewed the differential diagnosis, medical treatment indications, and nursing care of acute esophageal perforation. Due to limited literatures and previous studies available in acute esophageal perforation, this article may sever as a reference for clinicians in caring for this group of patients. |
