| 英文摘要 |
This article mainly focused on the overall study of the Japanese EIA act system. After analyzing and summarizing the relevant studies, we can draw the following references to the revision of our EIA act from the perspective of the Japanese legal system. Firstly, the screening system of the Japanese legal system is a great value to our design of the EIA act. The main purpose of this screening system is to identify Specific Relevant Project that are below the absolute necessity to do the EIA process. These Specific Relevant Project are projects which are not subjected to do the EIA process on the basis of their size, but they will have a significant environmental impact; or those which are located in areas where the environment is more vulnerable, so it is necessary to do the EIA. In general, the screening system’s function is to promote the effectiveness of the EIA process and to prevent the avoidance of law. Secondly, the scooping system of the Japanese legal system has a detailed design that can be a great reference. During the whole process, anyone who concerns about the environment can hand in his/her submission about the method book. Besides, the governors of the municipalities and the prefectures can give their opinions to the business holders. This shows Japan takes the opinions of local people and local governments seriously. Finally, not only can we learn from their recent revision of the act, such as the expansion of businesses’ range, the revision of the method, preparation and evaluation book, but we can also learn from a system they added to their EIA which is similar to the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) from European and American countries. Developers must consider environmental impact from the planning stage so as to achieve the goal to protect the environment thoroughly and to prevent the EIA from becoming an endorsement of a development permit. Its future development deserves our constant attention.
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