| 英文摘要 |
Introduction: This study is based on the hope theory where we examined the relationships between positive emotion, pathway thoughts and agency thoughts in hope theory and its effect on an athlete’s sense of control (expectancies of ability to cope and goal attainment) , self-handicapping and precompetitive state anxiety (intensity and direction). We examined the model about self-handicapping and precompetitive state anxiety predicted by positive emotion, pathway thoughts and agency thoughts through sense of control by using a cross-sectional design. Methods: A sample of 309 division1 and division2 collegiate tennis players (183 males, 126 females) were part of this study. The average age of the player was 21.82 years and had and average training time of 5.8 years. They completed a battery of questionnaires prior to one hour of their matches to measure their precompetitive emotions, sport hope (pathway and agency), sense of control (expectancies of ability to cope and goal attainment), precompetitive state anxiety (intensity and direction), and self-handicapping. Results: The results gathered from the study showed that pathways was significantly positively related with agency and positive emotion thus effecting the direction of precompetitive state anxiety. However if pathways was negatively related with negative emotion, intensity of precompetitive state anxiety and self-handicapping. This study shows that players with more pathway thoughts are prone to have more positive emotion, agency thoughts and sense of control, and views having a sense of anxiety as a positive challenge rather than a negative feeling which they cannot control. Players with more pathway thoughts also have less negative emotion, intensity of anxiety and self-handicapping. Conclusion: The results generally matched the hypothesis. The modified model demonstrated acceptable fit index. Hope was predicted by positive emotion when players had more pathway thoughts and this was used to study a player’s precompetitive state anxiety by using sense of control as a mediator. In conclusion, positive emotion positively correlates to a player’s sense of control thus helping them have a lower sense of negative anxiety. Practical implications for how coaches can help players have more positive emotion needs to be studied. It is also recommended that future studies obtain data by monitoring players for a longer period of time to be able to gather more comprehensive knowledge of positive emotion and hope theory. |
