背景：間質性膀胱炎（IC）是一種慢性膀胱疾病，其特徵為骨盆疼痛、頻尿及尿急，但無明確感染因素。化學誘導的動物模型對於探討IC之病理機制至關重要，然而，針對不同誘導劑的標準化比較性研究仍然稀少。方法：本研究比較三種常用之化學誘導IC模型，包括脂多醣體（LPS）、醋酸（AA）及環磷醯胺（CYP），使用雌性C57BL/6小鼠（n = 32，8隻/組）。評估膀胱動力學參數包括基底壓力、閾值壓力、最大排尿壓力、膀胱收縮間期（ICI）及非排尿性收縮（NVCs）。膀胱組織經蘇木精-伊紅（H&E）染色進行組織學分析，並透過蛋白質免疫轉漬法（Western blot）測定caspase-9、NF-κB及細胞角蛋白20（CK20）之表現量。結果：AA組小鼠顯示最嚴重之尿路上皮破壞，其caspase-9（3.1倍）及NF-κB（2.8倍）表現顯著升高，CK20表現則顯著降低（p < 0.05）。功能上，AA組之ICI顯著縮短（82.4 ± 10.1秒），且NVCs增加。LPS組則顯示ICI延長（161.3 ± 8.9秒）並伴隨中度發炎反應；CYP組則觀察到基底壓力上升（14.7 ± 1.6 cmH₂O）及NVCs增加，反映膀胱逼尿肌過度活躍現象。結論：在所有測試模型中，AA誘導之IC模型呈現最一致且明顯之發炎、組織學及功能性病變，適合用於探討上皮損傷與急性膀胱發炎相關之研究。此研究建立一套標準化比較框架，有助於未來進行IC轉譯性研究之模型選擇。

Background: Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic bladder disorder character-ized by pelvic pain, urinary urgency, and frequent occurrence without infection. Animal models using chemical inducers are essential for studying IC pathophysiol-ogy; however, standardized comparative evaluations are scarce. Methods: This study compared three chemical-induced IC models: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), acetic acid (AA), and cyclophosphamide (CYP), in female C57BL/6 mice (n = 32, 8/group). Cystometric parameters including basal pressure, threshold pressure, peak pressure, intercontraction interval (ICI), and non-voiding contractions (NVCs) were measured. Bladder histology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expres-sion of caspase-9, NF-κB, and cytokeratin-20 (CK20) was analyzed using western blotting. Results: AA-treated mice exhibited the most severe urothelial disruption, with significantly elevated caspase-9 (3.1-fold) and NF-κB (2.8-fold) expression as well as reduced CK20 levels (p < 0.05). Functionally, the AA group showed a short-ened ICI (82.4 ± 10.1 s) and increased NVCs. LPS induced prolonged ICI (161.3 ± 8.9 s) with moderate inflammation, while CYP increased basal pressure (14.7 ± 1.6 cmH₂O) and NVCs, indicating detrusor overactivity. Conclusion: Among the tested models, acetic acid induction yielded the most consistent inflammatory, histological, and functional IC phenotypes, making it a robust model to study epithelial injury and acute bladder inflammation. These findings provide a standardized framework for selecting appropriate IC models for translational research.