Fatty Acid Desaturase and Cancer

脂肪酸去飽和酶與癌症

脂肪酸去飽和酶負責催化單元不飽和脂肪酸的生合成。某些單元不飽和脂肪酸，例如油酸，對生物體有益，甚至可延長模式生物的壽命。此酵素與代謝疾病和癌症息息相關，因此成為潛在的藥物治療靶點。此酵素在許多癌細胞中會異常表現，因其產生的單元不飽和脂肪酸可提供癌細胞生長所需的基礎構造及訊號分子。脂肪酸去飽和酶的抑制劑可降低癌細胞的存活及腫瘤生長。此酵素的表現可受到多種因素調控，包括腫瘤微環境、非編碼核糖核酸與轉錄因子，並涉及癌細胞的增殖、轉移、幹細胞特性、抗藥性、鐵依賴性細胞死亡、抗壓性、與腫瘤可塑性。本綜論著重於更新近期文獻對於脂肪酸去飽和酶在代謝重組及癌症進展中所扮演的潛在角色。

Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD1) catalyzes the biosynthesis of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Certain MUFA, like oleic acid (OA), provide beneficial effects to biological systems and extend lifespan in model organisms. SCD1 is a target for pharmaceuticals because it is closely associated with disorders, such as metabolic diseases and cancer. Many cancer cells exhibit abnormal expression of SCD1, as SCD1-derived MUFA provide building blocks and signaling molecules for cancer cell growth. Inhibitors of SCD1 decrease cancer cell survival and tumor growth. SCD1 can be regulated by many factors, including the tumor microenvironment, non-coding RNAs, and transcription factors and is involved in tumor cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, stemness, drug resistance, ferroptosis, stress tolerance, and cancer cell plasticity. This mini-review aims to update and focus on the potential and novel role of SCD1 in metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression.