Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) is the most common subtype of Guil-lain-Barre syndrome. If not promptly treated, it can lead to quadriplegia, permanent disability, and even respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support. The purpose of this case report is to investigate the process of differential diagnosis and treatment in patient with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy caused by precursor infection. This case report describes a 40-year-old female Indo-nesian migrant worker who was admitted to the hospital due to generalized weakness and dysphagia. Upon admission, a series of clinical evaluations, including laboratory tests, imaging studies, and neu-rological examinations, ruled out central nervous system, cervical, neuromuscular, and autoimmune diseases. The final diagnosis of AIDP was confirmed through electrophysiological studies, cerebrospi-nal fluid (CSF) analysis, and clinical presentation. Due to the rapid progress of the disease, the patient developed respiratory failure and required ventilatory support. After discussion between the medical team and the patient’s family, treatments were initiated with plasma exchange and pharmacotherapy. Ultimately, she was successfully weaned off the ventilator. With intensive rehabilitation, her muscle strength returned to normal by the time of discharge. The clinical symptoms of AIDP are very similar to many other diseases. Therefore, accurate diagnosis requires a thorough patient history, imaging studies, lumbar puncture, and electrophysiological examinations. Timely and appropriate treatment can prevent irreversible nerve damage, minimize disease impact, and improve patient prognosis.
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