探討原住民族傳統智慧創作人格權之內涵

Exploring Moral Rights to Traditional Cultural Expressions of Indigenous Peoples

本文探討原住民族傳統智慧創作人格權之內涵，包含其法律定義、憲法基礎、與如何落實。首先，本文借用著作人格權能保護著作整體，並尊重著作人使用意願的特質，理解智慧創作人格權的內涵，並探討其與著作人格權之異同。其次，本文探討智慧創作人格權的憲法基礎，至少應涵蓋四個憲法基本權利：人格權、姓名權與命名權、文化權、以及原住民族身分認同權。最後，為了落實上開憲法權利，智慧創作人格權的內涵，應由國家法與原住民族習慣法共構；故本文探討如何適用參考智慧創作說明書及原住民族習慣法，來決定權利範圍與侵權標準，以深化憲法及國際法中尊重多元文化、保護原住民族文化權與文化認同的目標。

This article delves into the essence of moral rights to Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCEs), examining their legal definition, constitutional underpinnings, and practical implementation. It begins by contrasting the moral rights associated with TCEs to those of authors, exploring the essence of the moral rights of TCEs in Taiwan with the perspective that the moral rights of authors safeguard the integrity of their works and respect their honor and reputations. Subsequently, the constitutional foundation of moral rights to TCEs is examined, discussing the four fundamental rights covered by Article 22 of the Constitution: the personality right, the right to one’s name, the cultural right, and the right to Indigenous identity. Finally, to enforce the aforementioned constitutional rights, this article asserts that moral rights to TCEs must be constructed collaboratively by national law and Indigenous customary law. Therefore, this article explores the specifications of registered TCEs and Indigenous customary law to determine the scope of moral rights and standards for infringement. This serves to enhance the goals of respecting cultural diversity, safeguarding Indigenous cultural rights, and preserving cultural identity within constitutional and international law.