中國大陸新修公司法下的實質董事

De Facto Directors and Shadow Directors under the Company Law of Chinese Mainland

中國大陸在2023年末完成的《公司法》修改中，全新引入了「事實上董事」和「影子董事」相關制度，立法目的在於規範控股股東、實際控制人濫用權利或控制地位，侵害公司或股東利益的行為。在回顧立法過程、分析規範特點、觀察周邊法規和比較法例之後，本文主張基於法人人格獨立性原則，尊重公司治理中「股東–董事–高管」職權、義務與責任的基本配置，對於包含「控股股東」和「實際控制人」等在內的新《公司法》第180條第3款及第192條的解釋適用，秉持謹慎克制的司法態度。

Chinese Mainland’s new Company Law of 2024 introduces the provisions of “de facto directors” and “shadow directors” to regulate the abuse of rights or control by controlling shareholders and actual controllers in the companies. After reviewing the related law-making process and the characteristics of the new legislatiure, observing the context of regulations and comparative law experiences, the essay argues that based on the doctrine of legal personality independence and respecting the basic configuration of the powers, obligations and responsibilities of shareholders-directors-executives in corporate governance, judicial application of §§ 180 and 192 of the new Company Law should be based on a cautious and restrained attitude.