個人破產是小微企業破產專用程序的「底層邏輯」

Personal Bankruptcy is the“Underlying Logic”of the Specialized Bankruptcy Proceedings for Micro and Small Enterprises

小微企業破產問題日益成為全球破產法實踐的熱點，尤其是在新冠疫情之後。為此，世界銀行2022年2月所發布的新「營商環境供給項目」（Business Ready）體系中新一級指標「商事破產」專門引入了小微企業破產專門程式指標（屬三級指標）。從技術和要件方面來看，小微企業的破產紓困更接近自然人破產而非現行法下的大中型公司類企業破產。可以說個人破產制度是建立小微企業破產專用程式的前提條件或者底層邏輯，自然人破產中重要甚至是獨有的技術元素，如自由財產保留、可支配收入測試等，是小微企業破產專用程式中最重要的設計元素。

The bankruptcy of small and micro enterprises (SMEs) has increasingly become a hotspot in the practice of global bankruptcy law, especially after the COVID-19. To this end, the World Bank’s new "Business Ready" system, released in February 2022, specifically introduces a set of indicators for specialized bankruptcy proceedings for SMEs (belonging to a subcategory of the“business insolvency”) . In terms of technology, the bankruptcy relief of SMEs is closer to the regime of personal bankruptcy rather than the bankruptcy of large and medium-sized corporate enterprises under current law of China. It can be said that the personal bankruptcy system is a prerequisite or underlying logic for establishing specialized bankruptcy proceedings for SMEs. Important or even unique technical elements in natural person bankruptcy, such as property preservation and disposable income testing, are the most important elements in the specialized proceedings for SMEs.