公然侮辱罪保護法益的再思考──簡評憲法法庭113年憲判字第3號判決

Rethinking the Protection of Legal Interests in the Crime of Public Insult

本文是關於憲法法庭113年憲判字第3號判決的評釋。在本號判決中，憲法法庭處理了刑法第309條公然侮辱罪是否違憲的問題。在本文當中，將先後介紹本件判決的背景（壹），本件的主要爭點（貳），然後再進行評釋（參）。考慮到關於名譽的法益，在學說上也有相當多樣化的不同看法，因此本文先介紹並檢討現有的各種學說，並指出在公然侮辱罪應是以每個個人的人格尊嚴受到尊重的狀態本身作為保護的法益，並進一步分析本次憲法法庭所採的基本立場。其次，本文也針對憲法法庭所提出的限縮解釋的具體要素檢討其處罰範圍，並分析在本號判決所提供的限縮解釋下可能發生，將來需要進一步克服的問題。

This article is a commentary on the No.3 verdict of 2024 of the Constitutional Court. In this judgment, the Constitutional Court addressed the question of whether the crime of public insult in Article 309 of the Taiwanese Criminal Code is unconstitutional. In this article, we will introduce the background of this judgment (1), the main issues of this case (2), and then provide the comment in the theoretical aspect. Considering that there are quite diverse doctrinal views on the legal interests of reputation, this article first introduces and reviews the various existing theories, and points out that in the crime of public insult, the situation that every individual’s personal dignity should be the legal interest of the crime, and analyzes the basic position adopted by this Constitutional Court. Secondly, this article also reviews the scope of punishment based on the specific elements of the restrictive interpretation proposed by the Constitutional Court, and analyzes the problems that may occur under the restrictive interpretation provided in this judgment and need to be further overcome in the future.