刑事訴訟遠距訊問之研究──以基礎原則衝突與立法框架為核心

Study on Remote Interrogation in Criminal Procedure: Focused on Conclicts of Fundamental Principles and Legislative Framework

科技發展不僅改變人類的生活形態，尤其是數位化改變人類的溝通方式，法庭活動不論是民事程序或刑事程序也是由程序參與者在程序中進行溝通，而數位化的溝通方式使得人民使用網路進行溝通成為可能。現今網路無遠弗屆，經由網路傳輸可以遠距訊問證人。在疫情期間為防止疫情擴散我國司法實務不得不採用遠距方式開庭，因此產生許多未解的爭議問題。本文藉由釐清遠距訊問與直接審理原則的關係來對於遠距訊問的性質進行定性。由此定性出發嘗試探詢遠距訊問的立法框架，並進而對於我國遠距訊問的立法進行剖析。最後本文進一步釐清遠距訊問適用上的具體問題，如遠距訊問的立法體系，遠距訊問與傳聞例外的適用次序，遠距訊問替代被告實體到庭的可能性，以及遠距訊問的設備需求。

The advancements of the technology have changed not only the way we live, but also the communication methods, especially through digitaliztion. During the court activity, regardless of civil proceeding or criminal proceeding, communication amount the participants occurs in the procedure. The advent of the digital communication has made it possible for people to communicate via the internet. The remote interrogation of the witnesses can be acomplished through the boardless internet nowadays. In order to prevent the spearing of the virus, the judicial system had no choice but to open court through remote proceedings during the covid pandemic. Therefore, numerous of unsolved controversial issues rose. This article will clarify the nature of the remote interrogation by examining its relationship with the principal of immediacy. Exploring the legislative framework of the remote interrogation through this clarification and further analyze the legislation of remote interrogation to our country. Lastly, this artical will solve the practical issues concerning remote interrogation, such as the ligislative system of remote interrogation, the order of application comparing to exception to hearsay rule, the possibility of subsituting the attendance of the defendant with remote interrogation, and the equiptment necessity for conducting remote interrogation.