低成本之層間變位角結構健康監測方法研究

A Building Structure Health Monitoring System Based on Inter-Story Drift Angle Measured by Low-Cost Sensors

大地震後為了檢查建築物是否有損壞及保護結構免於因餘震再次破壞，通常會以人工巡檢的方式判斷建築物是否安全，但因需勘查棟數太多致常造成誤判與恢復時間大幅增加的情況。近年來，地震監測網絡已推廣到使用於建築物健康監測上，以便能夠在震後第一時間檢測出損傷位置及破壞程度，快速地進行補強及救災的動作。目前常用的結構健康監測（Structure Health Monitoring, SHM）系統多使用傳統加速度計，但加速度計系統價格昂貴且強震資料易受汙染，因此使得建築物SHM的推廣受到限制，本研究提出低價格的傾斜儀做為SHM之量測設備，可改善上述問題。本研究先透過SAP2000軟體分析某三層樓構架，了解構架之變形特性，且推論出傾斜儀能夠裝設在柱中間做為量測點，可直接測得層間變位角。再研究如何快速判斷建築物各樓層之健康狀況，並且計算出傾斜儀之誤差值。也將此結果應用在2023日本E-Defense足尺十層樓鋼結構振動台實驗，將傾斜儀安裝在受損機會較大之樓層2至5樓。結果顯示出，在沒有破壞發生時，結構沒有殘餘轉角產生，且層剪力對轉角圖為直線；而當結構有破壞發生，會有明顯殘餘轉角以及層剪力對轉角歷時圖會有迴圈發生，跟數值分析之結果類似，故可知道本研究建議之健康監測方法確實可行且具有經濟可行性。

After a major earthquake, to check for damage in buildings and protect structures from aftershock damage, manual inspections are usually used to determine whether buildings are safe. However, due to the large number of buildings need inspection, misjudgment may occur and recovery time are often delayed. In recent years, building level monitoring networks have been promoted for building health monitoring, which can detect the location and degree of damage immediately after an earthquake, and quickly carry out retrofit work. The common structural health monitoring (SHM) systems use traditional accelerometers for monitoring, but they are expensive and the data of strong earthquake may be polluted. This study proposes a low-cost tiltmeter for SHM, which can improve the extent of above problems. This study first analyzed a three-story building structure using SAP2000 to understand its deformation characteristics, and infer that the tiltmeter can be installed at the mid-height of the column, which can directly measure the Inter-story Drift Angle (IDA) and quickly determine the building health status. We then applied this theory to a 10-story steel structure test program of E-Defense in Japan in 2023, the MEMS tiltmeter was installed on the four floors with a high chance of damage. The results show that if no damage occurs, there is no residual IDA, and the Story Shear-IDA diagram is a straight line. When damage occurs, there is a residual IDA and a hysteresis loop on the Story Shear-IDA diagram.