違憲審查與法益概念的刑事立法批判機能

Judicial Review and Legislation-Critical Function of the Concept“Rechtsgut”

本文討論法益刑事立法批判機能對於刑事立法的管控可能性，近來有愈來愈多的見解認為，法益概念無從控管刑事立法，真正有效的管控機制其實是比例原則。然本文對此論點則有不同意見，本文認為法益概念必須與憲法的基本權保護需求結合，其實質內涵在於重要基本權及相應重要周邊制度的保護需求，這種保護需求形成動用刑法手段的「目的限制」，僅當刑事立法的保護目的符合法益標準，為保護該目的才能動用刑法，在此脈絡下，法益概念在比例原則的審查中，扮演目的控管的角色，亦即以中度審查標準判斷刑事立法的正當性時，法益可輔助其目的正當且重要屬性的審查。

This article discusses the legislation-critical function of the concept“legal interests”(in German:“Rechtsgut”) and the possibility of its control over criminal laws. Recently, there has been an increasing view that the concept of legal interests cannot control criminal legislation and that it is the“principle of proportionality”that counts for criminal legislation control. However, this article holds a different opinion. It argues that the concept of legal interests must be integrated with the basic rights protection requirements of the constitution. Its substantial content lies in the protection needs of important basic rights and corresponding crucial peripheral systems. These protection needs constitute a“purpose limitation”for the use of criminal law measures. The protective purpose of criminal legislation must meet the standards of legal interests. In this context, the concept of legal interests plays a role in controlling the purpose within the principle of proportionality, i.e., when judging the legitimacy of criminal legislation with the intermediate scrutiny standard, legal interests can assist in examining whether its purpose is legitimate and significant.