德國開放式監獄行刑暨監獄寬鬆措施之介紹——兼論對我國之借鏡

Introduction of Open Prisons and Prison Relaxation Measures in Germany: Some Suggestions for Taiwan

以重返社會為導向的監獄行刑已是近代監獄政策的發展所在，其基本信念之一是應該儘早為受刑人的釋放做好準備，嘗試各種自由措施作為過渡為導向的監獄行刑，以增加受刑人重新融入社會的機會。德國監獄行刑之相關法律對於釋放準備過渡措施或寬鬆措施有著較為充分的法律規範，包括有開放式的監獄行刑以及監獄行刑中的寬鬆措施。我國在2020年曾大幅修正《監獄行刑法》，但是有關釋放準備或自由過渡階段的監獄行刑措施，是該次修法過程比較欠缺關注的區塊，從而我國監獄行刑領域的相關法規與制度，較欠缺如同德國作為釋放準備或自由過渡階段的開放式監獄行刑或寬鬆措施的制度與規範。有鑑於此，本文以德國開放式監獄行刑以及監獄行刑中的寬鬆措施為介紹，闡述德國開放式監獄行刑以及寬鬆措施的法律規範以及實務運作狀況供參考，再就我國監獄行刑以及外役監制度提出改革建議。

Reintegration-oriented prison has been the modern prison policy. One of its basic beliefs is to prepare for the release of prisoners as early as possible, and try various free measures as a test. In order to increase opportunities for social reintegration, the relevant prison law in Germany has relatively sufficient legal norms for release preparation or loose measures including open prison and loose measures in prison. In 2019 the“Prison Execution Law”in Taiwan was greatly amended, but the release preparation or the free measures attracted relatively little attention during the revision process. In view of this, this article introduces German open prison and loose measures in prison, expounds the legal norms and practical operation. As well, this article will make recommendations for reform of the prison in Taiwan.