COVID-19疫情對全球頂尖游泳運動員破紀錄之影響

Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Top Swimmer Breaking Records

背景：許多國家為阻止新型冠狀病毒的擴散，採取各種不同程度的封城、隔離等措施，導致選手無法訓練。停止訓練對運動員造成的影響包括：身體組成改變、神經肌肉相關運動表現下降、有氧運動能力降低、心理的負面情緒等。本文探討COVID-19爆發對於頂尖游泳運動員破紀錄的影響，比較同一個重要國際賽事包括：奧林匹克運動會與世界錦標賽，以及臺灣全國運動會，其「疫情前」及「疫情後」（指疫情後恢復舉辦游泳競賽）出現破大會及紀錄的人次。結語：調查結果顯示僅東京奧運會破大會紀錄在「疫情後」人次增加，其他賽事在破大會及世界紀錄的人次大多比「疫情前」減少。比較臺灣疫情前、後的全國運動會游泳成績，同樣發現「疫情後」出現破大會及刷新全國紀錄的人次比「疫情前」明顯減少。除了探討可能因疫情對運動員表現之影響外，並提出運動員遇到封鎖期間之建議事項。

Background: Many countries have adopted policies such as lockdowns and isolation to prevent the spread of COVID-19, but the players cannot receive training. The impacts of cessation of training on athletes include changes in body composition, decreased neuromuscular performance, reduced aerobic capacity, and negative psychological emotions. This review is to investi-gate the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on the breaking records of top swimmers and to compare the number of people in the same critical international events, including the Olympic Games, the World Championships, and the National Games in Taiwan in the“pre-pandemic”period and“post-pandemic”era (referring to the resumption of swimming competitions after the epidemic) to broke the game and world records. Summary: The results showed that only the number of people who broke the records of the Tokyo Olympic Games increased in the“post-pandemic”era, while the number of people who broke world records in other events mostly decreased compared with that in the“pre-pandemic”period. We also compared the swimming results of the Na-tional Games in Taiwan in the“pre- and post-pandemic”periods, and it was found that the number of people who broke the game and the national records in the“post-pandemic”era was significantly lower than that of in the“pre-pandemic”period. In addition to discussing the possible impact of the epidemic on the performance of athletes, it also puts forward suggestions for athletes during the blockade period.