英美法上船舶所有權變動模式與國際統一性

英美法上關於船舶所有權變動採「賣據交付＋登記對抗」模式，是長期船舶交易實踐產物，具有國際範圍內統一性基礎與同化目的，為船舶交易、登記與融資活動建構一個合理與協調一致所有權變動規則體系。關於中國大陸船舶所有權變動模式，學者所主張的「交付主義＋登記對抗」，雖存在一定缺陷與弊端，但體現了所涉商業利益平衡性、現實交易理念與法律傳統，對於司法裁判安定性具有重要作用，與英美法和國際船舶交易契約慣例中「賣據交付＋登記對抗」相接近，此與「意思主義＋登記對抗」模式相比，在國內外船舶交易中具有更大價值與優勢。

The Common Law System generally adopts the mode of “Delivery of Bill of Sale + Registration confrontation” in the change of ship ownership. This is the product of the long-term practice of ship trading, which has the unified basis and assimilation purpose in the international scope. It builds a reasonable and coordinated ownership change rule system for ship trading, registration and financing activities. As for the change of ship ownership in China, most scholars advocated for the “Delivery doctrine + Registration confrontation” model. Although this model has some defects and disadvantages, it reflects the balance of the commercial interests involved, the concept of practical trading and the legal tradition, and plays an important role in the stability of the judicial judgment. It is close to the mode of “Delivery of Bill of Sale + Registration confrontation” in the contractual practice of common law system. Compared with the mode of “Meaning doctrine + Registration confrontation”, this mode has greater value and advantages in domestic and foreign ship trading, which should be the correct position in the comparative selection within Chinese ship ownership change modes.