陽明後學對「朱子晚年定論」說之餘響——張元忭《朱子摘編》析論

The Lasting Impact of “Zhuzi wannian dinglun” on the Later Yangming School—An Analysis of Zhang Yuanbian’s Zhuzi zhaibian

王陽明（1472-1528）的《朱子晚年定論》是宋明儒學史上「朱陸異同論」的一重大關鍵，此作引發極大的迴響。不過，若欲論其支持者，多半僅能列舉清代李紱（1673-1750）的《朱子晚年全論》，實則中研院傅斯年圖書館所藏珍本──張元忭（1538-1588）纂輯的《朱子摘編》當是另一重要代表作。《朱子摘編》全書分上、下兩卷，上卷收錄陽明的《朱子晚年定論》，下卷則是張元忭為求佐證、輔翼陽明之說而輯錄朱子九十四首詩作的《悟後詩》。本文分析該書的序跋文字與刊版的經過，說明其編纂用心、策略與流通情形。繼之，闡釋張元忭在上卷寫作的案語，在承繼「晚年定論」之說外，也申述朱子、象山及陽明三人之學可相互融通為一的主張。再者，詳考下卷《悟後詩》所選輯詩作的寫作時間，說明其文獻效力恐有不足之處。但是，若針對纂輯詩篇之內容而觀，卻可看到張氏對「晚年定論」說的附議與加強舉證，不過，這些詩作的內容也呈現出朱子注重遊觀山水以體道以及兼採佛、老之說的學問面向，此二者則屬張元忭個人的獨特見解。本文對《朱子摘編》一書的考察與分析，當有助於豐富並且補充學界對於「朱陸異同論」之學術發展史的全面理解，同時也能反映出明代學者對朱子學的另一種認識與詮釋面向。

 

Within the history of Song-Ming Neo-Confucian thought, Wang Yangming’s essay, Master Zhu’s Definitive Views Arrived at Late in Life (Zhuzi wannian dinglun), stands as a pivotal work in the study of the contrast between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan. Its later impact is apparent in the two-volume work, A Selection of Works About Zhuzi (Zhuzi zhaibian), edited by Zhang Yuanbian (1538-1588), and housed in the Fu Sinian Library, Academia Sinica, Taiwan. The first volume reprinted Wang Yangming’s Zhuzi wannian dinglun and the second entitled, Poems After Enlightenment, consists of ninety-four of Zhu Xi’s poems selected and edited by Zhang Yuanbian in support of Wang Yangming’s thesis. This article will first analyze this volume’s foreword, postscript, and publication history to highlight the author’s editorial efforts and strategies and the volume’s ensuing distribution. This will be followed by an analysis of each volume. With respect to the first volume, Zhang Yuanbian’ accepted that Wang was elucidating only the later years of Zhu Xi’s thought, but he also attempted to demonstrate the compatibility between Zhu Xi, Lu Jiuyuan, and Wang Yangming. With respect to the second volume, this article sorts out the dates of the selected poems and concludes that their content does not effectively support Zhang’s assertions. However, Zhang’s interlinear notes to the poems reveal his own unique reading of Zhu Xi’s experience of the Way when traveling and observing the landscape and Zhang’s use of Buddhist and Daoist explanations. Through an analysis of Zhuzi zhaibian, this article will contribute to a fuller understanding of how late Ming exegetes distinguished between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan and reflects how one late Ming exegete interpreted Zhu Xi.