原住民族身分認同權的憲法爭議

The Constitutional Issues over Indigenous Identity Rights

系所名稱：法律學系
學位別：碩士
畢業學年：111
指導教授：許育典
111年憲判字第4號和111年憲判字第17號判決宣告現行的原住民身分法部分條款違憲，上開法律將面臨定期失效。然而，修法涉及原住民個人及族群的資源分配問題，進而影響教育、升學、選舉等優惠性差別待遇的實施。爰此，本文之研究主軸為「原住民族身分認同權」此一由人格權推導出之新興基本權。
本文欲探討「原住民族身分認同權」的定義與目的，回顧我國歷史，試圖找出「自我認同具原住民族身分」與「政府認定原住民身分」兩者落差之原因，進而檢討我國現況下及修法後，基於「原住民族身分認同權」可能面臨的問題，並且以澳洲、紐西蘭、美國、加拿大對於原住民族身分認同及認定的政策及實務發展作為我國的借鏡，嘗試提出我國因應111年憲判字第4號和111年憲判字第17號判決之修法建議。

Taiwan Constitutional Court’s Judgment Xian-Pan 4 of 2022 and Taiwan Constitutional Court’s Judgment Xian-Pan 17 of 2022 have declared certain provisions of the existing Indigenous Peoples Identity Act unconstitutional, rendering the said law subject to periodic expiration. However, amending the law involves issues of resource allocation for individual and ethnic groups of indigenous peoples, thereby affecting the implementation of preferential treatment in education, admission to higher education, elections, and other areas. Therefore, the focus of this study is on the emerging fundamental right derived from personal rights, namely the " Indigenous Identity Rights."
This paper aims to explore the definition and purpose of the " Indigenous Identity Rights," review the history of our country, and attempt to identify the reasons for the discrepancy between "self-identified indigenous identity" and "governmentrecognized indigenous identity." Furthermore, it seeks to examine the potential issues related to the " Indigenous Identity Rights " in the current state of our country and after the legal amendments. Drawing inspiration from the policies and practical developments of Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and Canada regarding the recognition and identification of indigenous peoples, this paper endeavors to propose legislative recommendations for our country in response to Taiwan Constitutional Court’s Judgment Xian-Pan 4 of 2022 and Taiwan Constitutional Court’s Judgment Xian-Pan 17 of 2022.