Human Herpesvirus 8-Associated Primary Effusion Lymphoma: Clinicopathologic Characteristics of the Pleural Cavity

人類泡疹病毒第八型感染相關原發性滲出性淋巴瘤之肋膜腔臨床病理學特徵

病例報告一名81歲男性為人類免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)陰性但人類皰疹病毒8(HHV8)呈陽性，病人被診斷為原發性滲出性淋巴瘤(PEL)。病人的胸部X光和正電子電腦斷層掃描顯示雙側胸腔積水，但沒有腫瘤塊或淋巴結腫大。胸腔液的細胞學報告顯示高惡性度淋巴瘤，細胞有明顯的核仁和濃染的細胞質，免疫表現為CD45和CD38陽性。我們利用EuroFlow進行免疫分型分析，透過惡性腫瘤的免疫表現來快速檢測和診斷PEL。在這個案例報告中，提供了年齡、性別和具有高惡性和多樣性型態的滲出液細胞等臨床資訊，這有助於臨床快速檢測和診斷原發性滲出性淋巴瘤。

We present a case report of an 81-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- negative male patient but positive for Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV8). The patient was diagnosed with pri mary effusion lymphoma (PEL) which was confined to the pleural cavities without any detected he patosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Chest radiography and computed tomography scans on the p atient revealed bilateral pleural effusion but no evidence of tumor mass or lymph node enlargement. Cy tological analysis of the pleural effusion revealed a high-grade lymphoma with round nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant cytoplasm with immunophenotypes positive for CD45 and CD38. This case highligh ted the potential HHV8- associated PEL risk in elderly HIV-negative patients, particularly those with hig h HHV8 seroprevalence rates and classic Kaposi sarcoma incidence. Our case differs from most cases of ple ural effusion lymphomas as they are nonacquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related. We advocate th e use of EuroFlow for immunophenotyping as it can rapidly detect and diagnose PEL by identifying classi fied cellular markers for hematological malignanci es. In this case report, clinical information such as age, ge nder, and effusion fluids with highly abnormal cells and variable morphologic features are provided, whic h can help in the rapid detection and diagnosis of PEL in elderly HIV-negative patients with HHV8 seropr evalence rates.