體液分析之鏡檢程序與細胞分類概述

An Overview of the Clinical Microscopy and Cell Classification in Body Fluid Analysis

當體液的產生與吸收失去平衡時，過量的體液就稱為積液。移除積液除了可以減緩病患的不適，同時也可以執行不同類別的分析而進行鑑別診斷。臨床上常見的體液為肋膜腔積液、腹膜腔積液、心包膜腔積液、腦脊髓腔液及滑膜腔積液。體液鏡檢為使用顯微鏡檢驗程序所進行的體液分析，其結果可以解釋濾出液或漏出液的產生原因，具有操作時間短，可早於微生物培養與細胞學檢驗完成前，即可提供臨床鑑別診斷參考價值的優點。體液鏡檢的程序中，細胞抹片的製作方式與染色法不同，均有可能對於細胞計數與細胞分類計數產生影響。細胞分類的項目，應基於臨床診斷的參考性，當發現疑似惡性細胞時，建議註記結果為「出現異常細胞，建議重新採檢執行細胞學檢驗」。

When there is an imbalance between the production and a bsorption of body fluids, the excess fluid is referred to as an effusion. Removing the excess effusion not only helps relieve the patient’s discomfort but also provides valuable information for a differential diagnosis. Common body fluid specimens in clinical practice include pleural effusion, peritoneal effusion, pericardial e ffusion, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid. The analysis of these fluids under a microscope is referred to a s clinical microscopy. Results of clinical microscopy can explain the reasons for the formation of transud ate or exudate. Clinical microscopy provides the advantage of a shorter turnaround time compared to microbial culture and cytology, making it an important clinical reference for a differential diagnosis. In the clinical microscopy examination procedures, the preparation and staining of cell smears may vary, poten tially affecting a cell count or a differential count. The categories for the differential count should be based on clinical needs. When suspected malignant cells are identified, it is recommended to note the presence of abnormal cells and a cytological study is suggested.