髮夾彎的策略構框：傳統機車企業如何影響電動機車產業政策的制定

The Strategic Framing of Hairpin Turn: How Incumbent Locomotive Firms Influence the Electric Scooter Industry Policy Making

政策制定因涉及多方利害關係，往往成為利益團體兵家必爭之地，更會因為利益陣營的激烈碰撞而發生俗稱「髮夾彎」的政策轉向。本研究以電動機車產業的政策轉向過程為研究脈絡，以構框分析為理論視角，以燃油機車產業龍頭企業「光陽工業股份有限公司」（光陽）開展詮釋性個案研究，探討傳統企業之構框策略如何影響電動機車產業政策的制定。本研究藉由深度訪談及次級資料文本分析發現，光陽基於在位者企業（incumbent firm）優勢，透過「反客為主」、「偷梁換柱」及「暗渡陳倉」三個策略構框手法，扭轉政策制定場域，改變政策議題設定，扭轉電動機車產業政策制定方向。本研究為產業政策之利害關係人提供參與政策制定的策略參考，也為討論政策髮夾彎現象的文獻提供企業構框者如何與產業政策互動的理論視角及構框過程。

Policymaking frequently involves the interests of many parties, which often leads to a intense competition for interest groups. Moreover, the fierce collision of interest camps may even drive the sudden policy change commonly known as hairpin turn. This article takes the hairpin-turn process of the electric scooter industry as the research context where the frame analysis is employed as the theoretical perspective. KYMCO as an interpretive case is selected to explore how the strategic framing of traditional enterprises may affect the policy changing of the scooter industry. Based on in-depth interviews and industrial policy text analysis, this article finds that KYMCO has changed the agenda setting of policy issues through the three strategic framing of (a) “turning from the guest into the host” (反客為主), expanding the policy field of scooter industry; (b) “stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers” (偷梁換柱), changing the agenda setting of scooter industry; and (c) “advancing secretly by an unknown path” (暗渡陳倉), adding the policy issues that are inclined to incumbent firms. By using the strategic framing, framers may change the policymaking field, as well as the theme and content of policy agenda setting. This article provides a strategic reference for stakeholders’ participating in policy making; as well as a theoretical perspective on how firm-level framers interact with industrial policymaking for seeking hairpin turn.