我國不當勞動行為（行政）救濟制度的性質及其運作之考察──以行政裁決與法院判決之關係為中心

The Actual Proceeding and Administrative Relief System of Unfair Labor Practice in Taiwan: an Examination of Administrative Rulings and Court Decisions

我國工會體制的建構與發展上，由於二次大戰結束後長期以來相當程度地受到國家管制等相關的政治因素影響，加上一般勞工的集體連帶意識薄弱以及雇主對於工會之不信任感，導致工會的成立與相關工會活動不易展開。有鑑於此，我國於2010年前後完成「勞動三法（工會法、團體協約法以及勞資爭議處理法）」修正，建構以保護工會及其相關活動為其主要立法目的之所謂「不當勞動行為制度」。因此本文從不當勞動行為救濟的（行政）制度本質的觀點，說明不當勞動行為制度背後的工會法政策，以及基於該政策目的所建構之裁決制度的內涵與特徵，申論該行政救濟性質的裁決制度與司法體制之間的連動關係；包括行政訴訟與民事訴訟等不同的司法救濟途徑與裁決決定之間的相生與相剋。再者，就裁決制度自成立至今既已運作10年以上之期間，透過相關制度就實務運作上的現況等統計調查資料檢視上述行政（裁決決定）與司法（法院判決）相異救濟途徑之連動關係與制度實施上所面臨之困境。

In terms of the construction and development of Taiwan’s trade union system, due to the long-term influence of the government control and other related political factors after the end of World War II, coupled with the weak collective awareness of general workers and employers’ distrust of trade unions, trade unions which have established and related trade union activities are not easy to carry out. In view of this, our country has completed the revision of the ’’Three Labor Laws (Trade Union Law, Group Agreement Law, and Labor Dispute Settlement Law) around 2010, establishing the so-called“unfair labor practice system”with the main legislative purpose of protecting labor unions and related activities. Therefore, from the perspective of the nature of the (administrative) system of relief for unfair labor practices, this article explains the trade union law policy of unfair labor practice system, as well as the connotation and characteristics of the adjudication system constructed based on the purpose of this policy, and discusses the adjudication system of the nature of administrative relief. The interlocking relationship with the judicial system includes the interdependence and interdependence between different judicial relief channels and rulings and decisions such as administrative litigation and civil litigation. Furthermore, since the adjudication system has been in operation for more than 10 years since its establishment, the above-mentioned administrative (adjudication decisions) and judicial (court judgments) different relief ways are examined through statistical survey data such as the current status of practical operations of the relevant systems. The interconnected relationship and the difficulties faced in the implementation of the system.