成年女性揭露兒時性創傷歷程與原生家庭關係之影響探究

A study on the impact of adult women's disclosure of childhood sexual trauma and their original family relationship

系所名稱：犯罪防治研究所
學位別：碩士
畢業學年：111
指導教授：陳慧女；林明傑
本研究以生命史方法，經立意取樣邀請五位成年女性參與研究。探討兒時遭遇性侵害之知覺及揭露兒時性創傷經驗的歷程與影響，以及其與原生家庭關係之動態發展。
研究發現原生家庭功能失調是增加性侵害發生的風險之一。多數受訪者幼時對於性侵害行為懵然未覺，直到發現不對時已落入驚懼害怕、抗拒排斥及麻木隱忍的循環迴圈，生心理、人際互動和日常生活所遭受的創傷影響更是如影隨形。然而，受訪女性對於加害者與兒時性創傷事件隨著生命歷程產生不同的解讀與意義。
揭露或不揭露是來自個體、人際與社會層面之推力與阻力的斡旋。不論兒童或成年時期的揭露都有其目的性，受訪者大部分採間接的方式向信任之對象揭發事件。缺乏凝聚力的家庭常有負向反應，互動良好的家庭未必會展現正向支持，但是受訪者知覺大部分非施虐家庭成員的立場與態度有轉變可能性，與原生家庭關係亦會隨之變化。揭露後所得之正向和負向回應皆於生態系統中交織作用，破壞或修復受訪女性的人生。
根據研究結果提出以下建議：當前生態層次系統無法區辨揭露後所知覺之正、負向回應分別受到五個層次多大的影響，且在個體與環境的適配度中忽略個體的主動權能，在理論應用上宜考量個體的心理韌性，並建構各層次的影響力排序。實務工作加強兒童及家長對於性侵害的認知能力，提升性侵害相關執法人員、社福機構的專業知能，落實減述流程，創造更友善的環境。未來可同時邀請親子受訪討論彼此知覺原生家庭的變化與差異，或從事縱貫性研究探索遭遇兒時性創傷女性在不同人生發展階段與原生家庭之互動關係。

Purposive sampling of 5 female survivors were interviewed in a life history research used in-depth interviews, which explored the early adulthood women’s experience of child sexual abuse, the disclosure of CSA, and the dynamic development of their family relationship.
The research found that Dysfunction of the family increased the risk of CSA. Most respondents were unaware of sexual abuse when they were young. They had fallen into a cycle of fear, resistance, and numbness until they found out that something was wrong. The impact of trauma on physical and psychological, interpersonal interaction and daily life was stuck nightmare.
The decision of disclose or not was the mediation of assists and barriers from individual, interpersonal and social levels. No matter what age the victims are in, disclosure must have a purpose for them. Most respondents reported CSA to trusted objects indirectly. Lack of cohesion in the family were related to negative reactions, on the other hand, healthy family didn’t always show positive responses. However, the attitudes of most non-abusive family members were flexible. All positive and negative responses were intertwined in Ecological Systems, destroying or repairing the lives of the women interviewed.
The following suggestion based on the research findings: The current ecological systems theory couldn’t show how much the positive and negative responses after disclosure were affected by the five systems respectively, and the respondents’ empowerment was ignored in goodness-of-fit. In the application of the theory, researcher proposed ranking the influence of each system and considering individual resilience. In practical work, for creating a more friendly environment, the researcher recommended improving the awareness of CSA of both child and parent, enhancing the professional knowledge of the sexual assault system and social welfare institutions, and implementing the directions on relieving the victims from repeated statements. Future research could invite both parents and child to interview at the same time to compare the changes and differences in each other’s perception of the original family relationship, and conduct a longitudinal study to explore the interaction between CSA, their families of origin, and the life stage of woman.