外送平台之潛在風險與保險需求——以外送員為中心

Risks and Insurance Demand for Delivery Platform: Focusing on delivery drivers

系所名稱：法律學系
學位別：碩士
畢業學年：111
指導教授：汪信君
隨著網路科技的發展，人類社會步入數位時代，在第四次工業革命的推動下數位經濟蓬勃發展，外送平台經濟模式亦於此背景下誕生。近年來，我國外送平台產業快速發展，為消費者帶來便利、提供就業機會、增長經濟的同時，於勞動保障、消費者權益、食品安全、隱私保護等層面，可能存在潛在風險進而形成社會成本。而外送員作為外送服務第一線之工作者，其於取餐送餐的過程中可能遭遇車禍致自身受傷或死亡，於致他人傷亡之情形又將承擔賠償責任。此外，外送員工作報酬不穩定，且可能隨時遭平台無故停權而失業。另在外送員與外送平台間契約關係未明的情形下，未能取得勞工身份之外送員成為勞保孤兒，此皆為平台外送員所面臨的風險與困境。
本文以外送平台於數位經濟中定位出發，透過分析外送平台之經濟模式，與其參與者間之關係，探索外送平台之潛在風險。就外送員與外送平台之契約關係為何之爭議，參考我國法院判決、大法官釋字與學者之見解，輔以美國、德國、西班牙、國際組織等比較法上之經驗，針對此議題作進一步討論。而關於外送員工作風險與保險需求部份，從我國現行保險制度進行分析，探討現行保險制度是否涵蓋外送員之保險需求，並就我國現行外送相關法規關於保險之部分，在適用上存在如何之問題進行研究。

With the development of internet technology, human society has entered the digital age. Driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the digital economy has flourished, and the delivery platform economy model has emerged in this context. In recent years, Taiwan’s delivery platform industry has developed rapidly, bringing convenience to consumers, providing employment opportunities, and promoting economic growth. However, there may be potential risks in terms of labor protection, consumer rights, food safety, and privacy protection, leading to social costs. As frontline workers in the delivery service industry, delivery drivers may encounter accidents during the process of picking up and delivering food, resulting in injury or death. They may also face compensation liability in the event of harm to others. In addition, delivery drivers’ job remuneration is unstable, and they may be unemployed at any time due to platform suspension. In the absence of a clear contract relationship between delivery drivers and delivery platforms, those who have not obtained labor status become " labor insurance orphans," which is a risk and dilemma faced by platform delivery drivers.
This article starts with the positioning of the delivery platform in the digital economy, analyzes the economic model of the delivery platform, and explores the potential risks of the platform. Regarding the dispute over the contract relationship between delivery drivers and delivery platforms, this article refers to the opinions of judgment, Judicial Yuan Interpretation, and scholars, and also compares the experiences of the United States, Germany, Spain, international organizations, and other comparative law aspects to discuss this issue further. As for the part about delivery drivers’ work risks and insurance needs, this article analyzes Taiwan’s current insurance system to explore whether the current insurance system covers delivery drivers’ insurance needs. It also studies the issues with the application of insurance regulations related to delivery in Taiwan’s current regulations.