共黨政權韌性的意識型態基礎：越南與寮國的比較

The Ideological Basis of Communist Regimes Resilience in Vietnam and Laos

越南和寮國是目前世界上碩果僅存五個共黨政權中的兩個。這兩個共黨政權不僅沒有被淹沒在第三波民主化浪潮中，反而更加地融入全球資本主義體系，極佳的經濟表現甚至獲得世界銀行認可為其他開發中國家的發展模範。特別是，這兩個共黨政權在邁向市場導向的經濟體制時，都沒有摒棄馬列主義思想，而是宣稱以社會主義作為官方的發展目標，支持其政權持久性的根源值得進一步探究。由於比較威權主義研究經常將共黨政權涵蓋在威權主義政權的類別中，多數研究探討政權韌性中的制度要素，但因威權主義政權缺乏一套清晰的意識型態系統作為指導思想，導致研究者以共黨政權作為分析對象時，經常忽略意識型態所扮演的角色。故而，本文為填補此一空缺，將以越南和寮國作為對象來探討其政權韌性的意識型態基礎。

Vietnam and Laos are two of the five remaining communist regimes in the world. Instead of being drowned in the third wave of democratization, the two communist regimes have become more integrated into the global capitalist system, and their excellent economic performance has even been recognized by the World Bank as a development model for other developing countries. In particular, neither of these two communist regimes abandoned Marxist-Leninist ideology as they moved toward a market-oriented economic system, but instead declared socialism as their official development goal. The source of their regime durability is certainly worthy of further study. Due to the current literature on comparative authoritarianism often categorizes communist regimes as authoritarian regimes, and most studies explore the institutional elements of regime resilience. As analyzing the communist regime durability, the role of ideology is often overlooked. Therefore, this article will focus on Vietnam and Laos to explore the ideological basis of their regime resilience.